About

What is the Religious Society of Friends? 

The Religious Society of Friends is the name of a group of people living all over the world who have consciously united in the belief that all humans contain an Inner Light of the Spirit, and that they have the ability to experience and know this Inner Light for themselves. Members of the Religious Society of Friends are known as Friends, or more commonly today as Quakers. This latter name, while originally meant to be derisive, refers to the trembling that may occur while encountering firsthand the power of God, particularly while engaged in a mystical state of spiritual ecstasy, which is reached by some adherents upon sitting in meeting (communal meditation) and opening themselves up to the Light of the Holy Spirit within. This marked practice of silent meeting and being open to direct experience of the Light Within or Source allows for the realization of all the defining characteristics that have come to be associated with Friends, such as the universal priesthood of all believers, the testimony of peace and acceptance, a belief in equality, and a focus on humanitarianism. 

"Inner silence, calming the agitations of our hearts and minds, letting go of all that is stubborn and grasping, is essentially an expression of the love of truth. To be dispassionate, not to let one’s own needs or prejudices or emotions color one’s actions, is essentially to put truth before everything else. To love truth in this way is to love God, who is Truth. Thus the practice of inner silence is the same as the love of God."

-Daniel Seeger, Quaker

How was the Religious Society of Friends established?

The Religious Society of Friends was established in the mid 1600s in England. It was founded largely by a man named George Fox, who recounted the inspiration which led him to found the Society, as follows:

 "...as I had forsaken the priests, so I left the separate preachers also, and those esteemed the most experienced people; for I saw there was none among them all that could speak to my condition. And when all my hopes in them and in all men were gone, so that I had nothing outwardly to help me, nor could tell what to do, then, oh, then, I heard a voice which said, "There is one, even Christ Jesus, that can speak to thy condition"; and when I heard it my heart did leap for joy. Then the Lord let me see why there was none upon the earth that could speak to my condition, namely, that I might give Him all the glory; for all are concluded under sin, and shut up in unbelief as I had been, that Jesus Christ might have the pre-eminence who enlightens, and gives grace, and faith, and power. Thus when God doth work, who shall let it? And this I knew experimentally."

Quakers sometimes describe themselves as Saints, as Children of the Light, or as Friends of the Truth,  Although their views have matured and adapted with the times, from the beginning until now they have focused their lives upon piety, truth, and compassion for all beings. Most importantly, they have faithfully followed their own understanding of the Light of the Spirit, according to their personal transcendent mystical experiences. Mysticism here refers to the practices or experiences of a kind of ecstasy or altered state of consciousness which are given religious or spiritual meaning, leading one towards the realization of Oneness with God, the Absolute, or Ultimate Reality, and resulting in the attainment of insight and human transformation. These experiences lead to direct revelations from the Divine, and they are the foundation of Quakerism, being described from its very beginnings.

"Nothing, I believe, can really teach us the nature and meaning of inspiration but personal experience of it. That we may all have such experience if we will but attend to the divine influences in our own hearts, is the cardinal doctrine of Quakerism."

-Caroline Stephen, Quaker

"Mysticism has been for the most part sporadic. It has found an exponent now here, now there, but it has shown little tendency toward organizing and it has manifested small desire to propagate itself. There have been types of mystical religion which have persisted for long periods and which have spread over wide areas, but in all centuries such mystical religion has spread itself by a sort of spiritual contagion rather than by system and organization. It has broken forth where the Spirit listed, and its history is mainly the story of the saintly lives through which it has appeared. The Quaker movement, which had its rise in the English Commonwealth, is an exception. It furnishes some material for studying a "mystical group" and it supplies us with an opportunity of discovering a test and authority even for mystical insights."

-Rufus Jones, Quaker

What beliefs do Friends generally hold?

Friends have no particular creed, and instead may embrace a wide range of beliefs, but in general they hold the following to be true:

• Everyone is loved by God, and has that of God (the Light Within, the Source, the Seed, the Spirit, the Inward Teacher) within them. Life is sacred, all being of God, and therefore to harm others is to harm ourselves. All beings are deserving of empathy and compassionate-love, and should be treated with sincere kindness and respect.

• All may come to personally know God and take part in an ongoing revelation of the Truth. Having direct experience of God is the most important way of coming to know the Divine, more so even than any outward teachings or writings on the subject, even though these too can be of great value and inspiration.

• The Religious Society of Friends has Christian roots, and many Friends consider themselves Christians, but so too do many take inspiration from numerous and diverse faiths and philosophies, recognizing that there are many ways to know God.

Several testimonies or expressions of faith in the Divine which Friends recognize follow here: (It is important to note that these testimonies are not prescriptive, but are instead descriptive, meaning that they are not guidelines which must be followed by all Quakers, but that they generally describe the way in which many Friends behave, as guided by the Spirit Within.)

• SIMPLICITY - Focusing on what is truly important and releasing all else from our being, including our own selfish desires, attachments and aversions, which are born of fear rather than Love.

"Simplicity is the name we give to our effort to free ourselves to give full attention to God's still, small voice: the sum of our efforts to subtract from our lives everything that competes with God for our attention and clear hearing. " -Lloyd Lee Wilson, Quaker

• PEACE - Seeking justice and healing for all people, removing the causes of war from the ways we live our lives, and truly embracing universal nonviolence and voluntary pacifism, as called.

"We utterly deny all outward wars and strife and fightings with outward weapons, for any end, or under any pretense whatsoever; and this is our testimony to the whole world." -Declaration of Friends to King Charles II

• INTEGRITY - Acting on what we believe, telling the truth, doing what we say we will, remembering always to be fully authentic, and remaining honest with ourselves and the Spirit.

"Do not fear truth, let it be so contrary to inclination and feeling. Never give up the search after it: and let me take courage, and try from the bottom of my heart to do that which I believe truth dictates, if it leads me to be a Quaker or not." -Elizabeth Fry, Quaker

• COMMUNITY - Supporting one another on our journeys of faith and in times of joy and sorrow, and sharing with and caring for each other.

"If we learn to better help each other live faithfully and make doing so an important part of our community, then we will grow in our ability to discern and respond when the Spirit leads." -Marcelle Martin, Quaker

• EQUALITY - Treating everyone, everywhere, as equally precious to God, without exception, and recognizing that everyone has gifts to share.

"We are not for Names, nor Men, nor Titles of Government, nor are we for this Party, nor against the other, because of its Name and Pretense; but we are for Justice and Mercy, and Truth and Peace, and true Freedom, that these may be exalted in our Nation. " -Edward Burrough, Quaker

• STEWARDSHIP - Caring for the earth, valuing and responding to all of creation, using only what we must, and working to protect the planet.

"We recognize that the well-being of the earth is a fundamental spiritual concern... Our planet as a whole, not just the small parts of it in our immediate custody, requires our responsible attention." -Philadephia Yearly Meeting

Do Quakers have ministers or other clergy?

Each member of the Quaker meeting, no matter their background or age, is considered a minister and member of the clergy.  Quakers believe that there is “that of God” in every person, which is the Quaker way of saying that everyone has an Inward Light, the Light Within, Christ Within,  an Awakened-nature, a True Ultimate Self, or the Eternal Spirit Within. Every person present at the meeting is thus welcome to share their mystical experience of the Divine from within their being for the benefit of all. Quakers vehemently believe that a like-minded community is a great aid to spiritual progress, but also that no other spiritual leadership is needed beside the Light of the Divine that is within every being.

"The Lord showed me, so that I did see clearly, that he did not dwell in these temples which men had commanded and set up, but in people's hearts … his people were his temple, and he dwelt in them."

-George Fox, Quaker

"Keep close to the Light and own it alone to be your teacher, guide, and counselor in all the way through which you are to pass, and in all things that you are to do. Stand in the denial of self and all its goals; and own the Light, which leads into singleness of mind unto God away from selfish ends." 

-James Parnell, Quaker

Who can be a Quaker?

People of all traditions may take part in and benefit from Quaker practices. As a universalist faith, our branch of Quakerism at Luray Friends Meeting views all people as having Light of the Spirit within them, regardless of their location, ethnicity, or religion, and acknowledges that there are many paths to the One Truth.  Quakerism provides a method of seeking personal revelation of this Truth, one which is open to all people, of any faith, and one which may be employed in  conjunction with other methods or systems of personal insight. It is important to note that many Quakers believe that the Spirit or Light which was embodied by Christ was not unique unto him, but that it dwells within everyone; that there is that of God - the Eternal, the Absolute, the Source, the Universal - within everyone, and that Jesus of Nazareth's example as incarnation of the Word, while being one of the most profound, influential and important sources of spiritual inspiration, is not the only such one that humanity has experienced.  Certainly, there are invaluable spiritual lessons from other traditions, such as Buddhism, Hinduism, Judaism, Daoism, Islam, Hermeticism, Indigenous Religions, and others, which are in agreement with and can be of great benefit to those practicing Quakerism.

"There's a light that is shining in the heart of a man,

it's the light that was shining when the world began.

There's a light that is shining in the Turk and the Jew

and a light that is shining, friend, in me and in you."

-Sydney Carter, Quaker

"There is a principle which is pure, placed in the human mind, which in different places and ages hath different names: it is, however, pure and proceeds from God. It is deep and inward, confined to no form of religion nor excluded from any, where the heart stands in perfect sincerity."

—John Woolman, Quaker

"The humble, meek, merciful, just, pious, and devout souls are everywhere of one religion, and when death takes off the mask, they will know one another though the diverse liveries they wear here make them strangers."

—William Penn, Quaker

- George Fox, Quaker

What is Meeting like?

Quaker Meeting for Silent Worship is informally preceded by a short period of greetings, where attendees may share news and talk together before the meeting truly begins. Once officially begun, the Meeting is held in an egalitarian manner, with all attendees sitting together in a circle or square, each facing the center of the congregation. Arranged in this manner, those in attendance sit in the serene meditative stillness of Silent Waiting, opening themselves to the potential promptings of the Spirit, which, upon coming to them in the form or a still, small voice from within, may or may not move them to speak to the other members of the meeting. If one is moved by the Spirit to share the message that they have received, then the attendee will speak their piece, and then rejoin the silence once more. Such a period of silence and possibly vocal ministries lasts for approximately one hour, upon the end of which the Silent part of the Meeting concludes, and handshakes are given to nearby attendees. After this, any necessary announcements are made among the congregation, and the Meeting for Worship is adjourned.

After a brief period of time wherein attendees may refresh themselves and converse, a second gathering, this one a Meeting for Business, may be held. During this meeting a topic of interest regarding the members of the Meeting may be discussed among attendees, possibly including theological/philosophical issues, political issues, social issues, funding, projects, or other subjects. After approximately an hour of such discussion, the Meeting for Business concludes.

"As a meeting 'gathers', as each individual 'centres down', there gradually develops a feeling of belonging to a group who are together seeking a sense of the Presence. The 'I' in us begins to feel like 'we'. At some point - it may be early in the meeting or it may be later, or it may never occur at all - we suddenly feel a sense of unity, a sense of togetherness with one another and with that something outside ourselves that we call God."

 -Thomas Bodine, Quaker

"I have never lost the enjoyment of sitting in silence at the beginning of meeting, knowing that everything can happen, knowing the joy of utmost surprise; feeling that nothing is pre-ordained, nothing is set, all is open. The light can come from all sides. The joy of experiencing the Light in a completely different way than one has thought it would come is one of the greatest gifts that Friends’ meeting for worship has brought me. I believe that meeting for worship has brought the same awareness to all who have seen and understood the message that everyone is equal in the sight of God, that everybody has the capacity to be the vessel of God’s word. There is nothing that age, experience and status can do to prejudge where and how the Light will appear. This awareness – the religious equality of each and every one – is central to Friends. Early Friends understood this and at the same time they fully accepted the inseparable unity of life, and spoke against the setting apart of the secular and the sacred. It was thus inevitable that religious equality would be translated into the equality of everyday social behaviour. ” 

–Ursula Franklin, Quaker

What is the Quaker form of meditation?

Quakers are encouraged to "center down" into the silence so that they may be receptive to revelations from the Divine, both individually in contemplative prayer, and at silent meeting for worship. These practices of being still and opening oneself to inner revelation may be called Quaker meditation, depending on one's understanding of this term.  One effective method for engaging in this activity is known as the "Experiment with Light" process.

"‘Experiment with Light’ is a Quaker practice which is based on early Friends’ discoveries.

It was devised in 1996 by Quaker and theologian Rex Ambler following his study of early Friends’ writings. He wanted to discover what it was that made them so sure, so centred, so willing to suffer privations to keep alive their faith.

He discovered a process by which the Light may be accessed.

The Experiment with Light process can be separated into four main steps, once you have accepted an invitation to be still:

1. Mind the Light (pay attention to what’s going on inside you, particularly where there’s something that makes you feel uncomfortable)

2. Open your heart to the truth (don’t run away from anything that’s difficult or that you don’t want to face, but keep a little distance from it: ‘be still and cool in thy mind’)

3. Wait in the Light (be patient, let the Light show you what is really going on, ask questions if what is being offered to you isn’t clear or you want to know more, and wait for the answers to come, don’t try to explain)

4. Submit (accept and welcome the information or images, and the insights, dreams and perceptions that may come later, and allow them to show the truth)" 

-From the 'Experiment with Light' website (https://experiment-with-light.org.uk/about/) retrieved 11/19/2022.

"Stand still in that which is pure, after ye see yourselves, and then mercy comes in. After thou seest thy thoughts and temptations, do not think, but submit, and then power comes. Stand still in that which shows and discovers, and submit to it, and then doth strength immediately come. And stand still in the Light, and submit to it, and the other will be hushed and gone, and then, contentment comes." 

-George Fox, Quaker

"Truth is one and the same always, though ages and generations pass away, and one generation goes and another comes, yet the word and power and spirit of the living God endures forever, and is the same and never changes." 

-Margaret Fell, Quaker

"Words may help and silence may help, but the one thing needful is that the heart should turn to its Maker as the needle turns to the pole. For this we must be still... No clear impressions, either from above or from without, can be received by a mind turbid with excitement and agitated by a crowd of distractions. The stillness needed for the clear shining of light within is incompatible with hurry."

 -Caroline Stephen, Quaker

"Those who are brought to a pure still waiting upon God in the spirit, are come nearer to the Lord than words are; for God is a spirit, and in the spirit is he worshipped. In such a meeting there will be an unwillingness to part asunder, being ready to say in yourselves, it is good to be here: and this is the end of all words and writings to bring people to the eternal living Word." 

-Alexander Parker, Quaker

What are some important quotes from Quakers?

"Now thou must die in the silence, to the fleshly wisdom, knowledge, reason, and understanding; so thou comest to feel that which brings thee to wait upon God; (thou must die from the other,) that brings thee to feel the power of an endless life, and come to possess it." 

"...as people come into subjection to the Spirit of God, and grow up in the image and power of the Almighty, they may receive the Word of wisdom, that opens all things, and come to know the hidden unity in the Eternal Being." 

-George Fox, Quaker

"Thus He whose tender mercies are over all His works hath placed a principle in the human mind, which incites to exercise goodness towards every living creature; and this being singly attended to, people become tender-hearted and sympathizing; but when frequently and totally rejected, the mind becomes shut up in a contrary disposition." 

-John Woolman, Quaker

"Give over thine own willing, give over thine own running, give over thine own desiring to know or be anything, and sink down to the seed which God sows in thy heart, and let that be in thee, and grow in thee, and breathe in thee, and act in thee, and thou shalt find by sweet experience that the Lord knows that, and loves and owns that, and will lead it to the inheritance of life, which is God’s portion." 

-Isaac Penington, Quaker

"Only the inner vision of God, only the God-blindedness of unreservedly dedicated souls, only the utterly humble ones can bow and break the raging pride of a power-mad world."

 -Thomas Kelly, Quaker

“I think I have wasted a great deal of my life waiting to be called to some great mission which would change the world. I have looked for important social movements. I have wanted to make a big and important contribution to the causes I believe in. I think I have been too ready to reject the genuine leadings I have been given as being matters of little consequence. It has taken me a long time to learn that obedience means doing what we are called to do even if it seems pointless or unimportant or even silly. The great social movements of our time may well be part of our calling. The ideals of peace and justice and equality which are part of our religious tradition are often the focus of debate. But we cannot simply immerse ourselves in these activities. We need to develop our own unique social witness, in obedience to God. We need to listen to the gentle whispers which will tell us how we can bring our lives into greater harmony with heaven.” 

–Deborah Haines, Quaker